EU product rules for online sellers.
If you sell physical products to customers in the EU, from inside or outside it, these guides tell you what the rules ask and what to do.
Your problem, and the page that answers it
- A marketplace blocked my listing or wants an EU contactGPSR marketplace requirements: the field you have to fill
- I sent my GPSR details and I am still blockedStill blocked after sending your GPSR details: what keeps a listing down
- I need an EU responsible personEU Responsible Person: who can be yours, and what it costs
- Does this even apply to me?Does GPSR apply to me? The answer, and the three duties that follow
- What goes on the product, the label and in the boxGPSR labelling requirements: what goes where
- I got a recall or safety noticeProduct recall under GPSR: what to do
- A marketplace wants my EPR registration numberEPR in the EU: extended producer responsibility for online sellers
- What the packaging rules ask of me nowPPWR: what Regulation (EU) 2025/40 asks of you now, and what waits
All guides, by problem
Each group holds the guides for one problem. Open the group that matches yours.
Marketplace requests and blocks
- GPSR on Amazon: what goes in the Responsible Person field
- GPSR on eBay: what goes in Item disclosures
- GPSR on Etsy: the Economic Operator
- GPSR on Shopify: what your product page has to show
- GPSR marketplace requirements: the field you have to fill
- Still blocked after sending your GPSR details: what keeps a listing down
Your EU representative
- EU Responsible Person: who can be yours, and what it costs
- EU Authorised Representative: which of the three roles you are being asked for
- Fiscal representative for EU VAT: when a business outside the EU needs one, what it owes and who is liable
- EU Cosmetics Responsible Person: who must be yours, and what it answers for
- EPR authorised representative: who must appoint one, in which country, for which goods
- GDPR Article 27: when a business outside the EU needs a GDPR representative
Scope and exemptions
- Does GPSR apply to me? The answer, and the three duties that follow
- GPSR: what it is, and who it reaches
- GPSR exemptions: the closed list, and what is not on it
- GPSR requirements: what your role owes
- EUDR: what the EU Deforestation Regulation asks of you, and from when
- EUDR due diligence statement: who files it, what goes in it, and by when
- Forced labour regulation EU: what it bans, from when, and what to do
Product, label and box
- GPSR label: what to print, with examples
- GPSR labelling requirements: what goes where
- EU user manual requirements under GPSR
- GPSR technical documentation: what to write
- There is no GPSR certificate: what to hand over
- EU declaration of conformity: what goes in it and who signs it
- CE technical file: what it holds, who keeps it, for how long
- CE marking: which products need it and who puts it on
- EU textile label: what Regulation 1007/2011 requires on clothing and fabrics
- Harmonised standards: what they are and how to find the list
- Notified body: when you need one and how to find it
- China Export vs CE mark: what the Commission and the law say
- CE marking logo: the official file, its form and 5 mm size
- EU MDR (Regulation 2017/745): is it a medical device, and what you must check before you sell it
- EUDAMED: who must register, how the SRN is issued, and the deadlines since 28 May 2026
- IVDR, Regulation (EU) 2017/746: classes, notified bodies and transition dates for diagnostic tests
- RoHS compliance: the 10 restricted substances and the paperwork
- Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU): what it covers and what you must do
- EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards and the paperwork you need
- Radio Equipment Directive (2014/53/EU): scope, EN 18031, USB-C and what you must do
- Cyber Resilience Act: what it asks of the connected products you sell, and from when
- Digital product passport: which products need one in the EU, and from when
- Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation: what binds an online seller now, and what comes later
- EPREL: who registers a product model, the QR code, and what sellers must show
- EU energy label: which products need it, the A to G scale and what online sellers must show
- REACH compliance for products you sell: the limits, the 0.1% rule and SCIP
- SVHC: substances of very high concern under EU REACH, and what the 0.1% rule asks of your products
- SCIP database: who must notify ECHA, and what a seller outside the EU gives its importer
- REACH Annex XVII: the restricted substances in products you sell, and their limits
- EU PFAS ban: the PFAS rules in force for products you ship, and the universal ban still only proposed
- POPs Regulation: the persistent organic pollutants banned in products you sell, and their limits
- REACH registration: who must register a substance with ECHA, what it costs, and what a seller of finished goods owes instead
- EU CLP Regulation: who classifies, labels and notifies chemical products, and what the 2024 revision changed
- CLP label: what a hazardous chemical product must show, on the pack and in the listing
- CLP hazard pictograms: the nine symbols, the hazards they signal, and how big they must be
- Poison centre notification: who submits a hazardous mixture to EU poison centres, what it holds and when
- UFI code: what a unique formula identifier is, which chemical mixtures need one, and where it goes on the label
- Biocidal Products Regulation: what a treated article is, the label it needs, and who may sell a biocide in the EU
- Safety data sheet requirements in the EU: when you owe one, to whom, and what goes in it
Products with their own EU law
- EU Cosmetics Regulation: what you must do before selling cosmetics in the EU
- CPSR: the cosmetic product safety report you need before selling in the EU
- CPNP: how a cosmetic product is notified before it goes on sale in the EU
- EU fragrance allergens: which ones your cosmetic label must name, and from when
- INCI names: how to write the ingredient list of a cosmetic sold in the EU
- Cosmetic claims in the EU: what you may say about a cosmetic and the proof you must hold
- EU cosmetics banned substances: the annexes, the CMR rule and the dates from 2025
- Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC: what applies to the machines you sell until 20 January 2027
- Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230: what it asks of the machines you sell from 20 January 2027
- CE marking for toys: what EU toy safety law asks of you
- Toy Safety Regulation (EU) 2025/2509: what changes for toy sellers on 1 August 2030
- EN 71 toy safety standards: parts, testing and what else applies
- PPE Regulation (EU) 2016/425: what you must do before you sell protective equipment in the EU
- Construction Products Regulation (EU) 2024/3110: what applies to you now and what waits
- Food contact materials in the EU: the rules, labels and papers for kitchenware, bottles and lunch boxes
Recall or safety notice
Packaging and EPR
- EPR in the EU: extended producer responsibility for online sellers
- EPR packaging in the EU: who is the producer when you ship from outside the EU, and where to register
- EPR number in the EU: what it is and where you get it in each country
- EPR fees in the EU: who pays them, how they are set and what each country charges
- Packaging recycling symbols in the EU: the marks required now and the EU label that waits
- Single-use plastics directive: what Directive (EU) 2019/904 asks of a seller outside the EU
- Textile EPR in the EU: who is the producer, which products, and when
- PPWR: what Regulation (EU) 2025/40 asks of you now, and what waits
- PPWR declaration of conformity: who signs it, what it contains
- WEEE Directive: where you register when you sell electronics into an EU country
- WEEE symbol: the crossed-out wheeled bin, the bar under it and where it goes
- EU Battery Regulation: what you must do to sell batteries, or products with batteries, in the EU
- Battery passport: which batteries need one in the EU, who makes it, and from when
VAT and tax
- EU VAT for online sellers: OSS, IOSS and the EUR 10,000 threshold
- What is a VAT number? EU and UK formats, how to check one, and who needs one
- VAT vs sales tax: what changes when a US business sells into the EU
- IOSS: who needs an IOSS number, where it goes, and why VAT gets charged twice
- VAT OSS: the EU One Stop Shop, the EUR 10,000 threshold and where you register
- EU VAT registration from outside the EU: when, which country, the documents and a tax representative
- Intrastat: who files it, the thresholds by country, and Pan-EU stock moves
- DAC7: which marketplace sellers are reported, and what you are asked for
Customs and import
- EORI number: who needs one, which EU country issues it, and what to give your courier
- Apply for an EORI number: which EU country, what the form asks, and how long it takes
- Commodity code (HS code): what it is, who picks it, and how to find it for the EU
- What is an HS code? The 6 digits behind every EU, UK and US tariff code
- CN code: the EU's 8-digit Combined Nomenclature code, and how to read it
- TARIC code: the EU's 10-digit import code, and how to read it
- Binding tariff information (BTI): an EU ruling on your product's customs code
- Certificate of origin for EU imports: when you need proof of origin, and when you do not
- Importer of record in the EU: who it is, what it owes, and who can be yours
- Export from UK to EU: customs, EORI, VAT and origin rules for a UK seller
- EU import duty rates: customs fees and import fees, and where the rate comes from
- EU de minimis: the EUR 150 customs duty relief is gone and a EUR 3 duty per item applies
- Customs declaration CN22 and CN23: what goes on them, and the EU electronic data rule
- DDP shipping to Europe: who pays EU duty and VAT, DDP vs DAP, and what DDP makes you
- EU CBAM: who pays from 2026, the 50-tonne threshold, and what an exporter must provide
- Authorised CBAM declarant: who needs the status, how to apply, and what happens without it
Consumer law
- EU consumer law: what you owe when you sell online to EU consumers
- Right of withdrawal in the EU: 14 days, the refund and the new withdrawal button
- EU warranty law: the two-year legal guarantee and the EU notice
- EU right to repair: who must repair what from 31 July 2026, and who carries it outside the EU
- EU Product Liability Directive: who pays for a defective product, and from when
- European Accessibility Act: what it asks of online shops and of the devices you sell, applying since 28 June 2025
- Omnibus Directive price rules: the 30-day prior price when you announce a price cut in the EU
- Geo-blocking Regulation: what a shop selling into the EU may and may not do
- Digital Services Act trader checks: what marketplaces ask you for
- Green Claims Directive EU: the proposal is stalled, and what you may say about a product is already law