Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU): what it covers and what you must do

Electrical items need CE marking when the Directive covers them

Equipment the Directive covers must carry the CE marking, affixed before it is placed on the market (Art. 6(2)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 6, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 17(2)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 17, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). A certificate from a third party is not required. The test is the voltage rating, not the type of product. The Directive applies to electrical equipment designed for use with a voltage rating of 50 to 1,000 V AC or 75 to 1,500 V DC, other than the equipment listed in Annex II (Art. 1Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). The Commission describes the limits as an input or output voltage and lists as examples household appliances, cables, power supply units, laser equipment and certain components such as fuses, for consumer and professional use. The Commission’s guidelines on the Directive explain its application but have no weight in law.

Four points that sellers ask about:

• A product that only runs at a low voltage is below the range. A 5 V or 12 V device is under 75 V DC, unless it carries a mains rating too (next point). The Commission’s page says the general product safety law covers consumer goods below the limits. That page names the old Directive 2001/95/EC; Regulation (EU) 2023/988Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. repealed it from 13 December 2024 (Art. 50Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 50Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.), and the GPSR applies to products that no specific Union law with the same objective regulates (Art. 2(1)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 2, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).
• The charger can be inside the Directive when the device is not. The Commission lists power supply units among the covered equipment, and a mains charger is designed for use at mains voltage. The Commission’s LVD Guide (August 2018, section 6) goes further: a product with several voltage ratings is inside as soon as the highest one falls within the range, and for battery equipment below the limits, such as a notebook, the accompanying power supply unit is inside. So a low-voltage device sold in the box with a mains adapter has an adapter that needs the LVD paperwork, whatever the device itself needs. The Guide explains the Directive and is not itself binding.
• Electric machines go to the Machinery Directive. A machine with an electricity supply must meet the safety objectives of the Low Voltage Directive, but the conformity assessment and the placing on the market for electrical hazards are governed solely by the Machinery Directive (Annex I, point 1.5.1). That Directive leaves household appliances for domestic use, audio and video equipment, information technology equipment, ordinary office machinery, low-voltage switchgear and electric motors to the Low Voltage Directive (Art. 1(2)Directive 2006/42/EC, Machinery Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 1, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., point (k)). The LVD Guide gives power tools and lawnmowers as products under the Machinery Directive instead (footnote 9). From 20 January 2027 Regulation (EU) 2023/1230Regulation (EU) 2023/1230, Machinery Regulation (consolidated text of 27 July 2026)The whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. repeals the Directive and keeps the split, except that electrically operated furniture and 3D printers move to the Regulation (Art. 2(2)Regulation (EU) 2023/1230, Machinery Regulation (consolidated text of 27 July 2026)Article 2, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., point (p)). What counts as a machine, and who does what, is in the Machinery Directive guide.
• Second-hand equipment is covered when it comes from outside the EU. The Directive covers electrical equipment that is new to the Union market when placed on it, and says so for new or second-hand equipment imported from a third country (recital 4). It applies to all forms of supply, distance selling included (recital 5).

A product can also fall under other EU product laws at the same time, and each one carries its own duties. The table further down shows how.

What equipment is outside the Directive

Annex II takes out (Art. 1Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.):

• electrical equipment for use in an explosive atmosphere;
• electrical equipment for radiology and medical purposes;
• electrical parts for goods and passenger lifts;
• electricity meters;
• plugs and socket outlets for domestic use;
• electric fence controllers;
• radio-electrical interference;
• specialised electrical equipment for ships, aircraft or railways that meets the safety provisions drawn up by international bodies in which the EU countries take part;
• custom-built evaluation kits for professionals, used only at research and development facilities for that purpose.

An exclusion from this Directive does not take a product out of every EU law. The table near the end of this page shows the other laws that can apply.

The safety objectives in Annex I

The Directive states objectives, not technical specifications. Equipment may be made available on the market only if, having been constructed in accordance with good engineering practice in safety matters in force in the Union, it does not endanger the health and safety of persons and domestic animals, or property, when properly installed and maintained and used in applications for which it was made (Art. 3Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Annex I lists the principal elements:

1. General conditions. The essential characteristics for safe use are marked on the equipment, or on an accompanying document if that is not possible. The equipment can be safely assembled and connected. It is designed and made so that protection against the hazards in points 2 and 3 holds when it is used as intended and adequately maintained.
2. Hazards from the equipment itself. Persons and domestic animals are protected against physical injury or other harm from direct or indirect contact. Temperatures, arcs or radiation that would cause a danger are not produced. Persons, animals and property are protected against non-electrical dangers that the equipment causes and experience reveals. The insulation suits foreseeable conditions.
3. Hazards from outside influences. The equipment meets the expected mechanical requirements, resists non-mechanical influences in the expected environment, and does not endanger persons, domestic animals or property under foreseeable overload.

Equipment is judged against these objectives only under conditions of use that can reasonably be foreseen, which means use that could result from lawful and readily predictable human behaviour (recital 25).

Why there is no LVD certificate and no notified body

The manufacturer carries out the conformity assessment alone. The Directive says so in plain words: there is no conformity assessment procedure in it that requires a notified body (recital 9). The one procedure it sets out is Module A, internal production control, in Annex III (Art. 6(2)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 6, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 15Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 15Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). The manufacturer establishes the technical documentation, takes the measures that keep production in line with it, affixes the CE marking and draws up the declaration on its sole responsibility.

A laboratory test report is useful evidence in the file. The technical documentation holds test reports “where applicable”, and the Directive sets no number of tests and no duty to use an outside laboratory. The Directive creates no certificate, so a “CE certificate” or “LVD certificate” that a third party sells you is not something it asks for; the part worth having is the test report. The declaration of conformity guide explains which laws ask for a declaration and which do not, and there is no GPSR certificate shows the same split for the general product safety law.

By drawing up the declaration, the manufacturer takes responsibility for the equipment’s compliance (Art. 15(4)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 15, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). If you sell a factory’s product under your own name or trade mark, you are treated as its manufacturer and carry the manufacturer’s duties, the declaration and the CE marking included (Art. 10Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 10Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 6Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 6Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

What the technical documentation holds

The file across all the CE laws is in CE technical file. Module A requires documentation that makes it possible to assess the equipment’s conformity and includes an adequate analysis and assessment of the risks. Where applicable, it holds at least (Annex III, point 2):

• a general description of the equipment;
• conceptual design and manufacturing drawings and schemes of components, sub-assemblies and circuits, with the descriptions and explanations needed to read them;
• a list of the harmonised standards applied in full or in part, or of the international or national standards used, and, where none was applied, descriptions of the solutions adopted to meet the safety objectives. If a standard was applied in part, the documentation names the parts;
• results of design calculations and examinations;
• test reports.

The manufacturer keeps the documentation and the declaration for 10 years after the equipment is placed on the market (Art. 6(3)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 6, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). An importer does not hold the documentation but makes sure it can be made available to the authorities on request (Art. 8(8)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 8, paragraph 8Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

Harmonised standards and the presumption of conformity

Equipment in conformity with harmonised standards, or parts of them, whose references have been published in the Official Journal is presumed to meet the safety objectives that those standards cover (Art. 12Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 12Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Two examples from the list published in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/2723:

Three points that follow from the text:

• A presumption can be partial. Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/1457 adds row 155a for EN 60335-1:2012 with a restriction: the part of clause 20.2 that refers to a test probe similar to test probe B gives no presumption of conformity with Annex I, point 2(c). Row 155, the unrestricted entry, is deleted from 18 January 2027 (Art. 2 and point 1 of the Annex), so until then both rows are in the list. The Commission found that the standard fails the objective on that point after Germany’s formal objection (recitals 9 and 11).
• No standard is required. Where no harmonised standard exists, authorities also accept equipment that follows the safety provisions of the international standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission in the Official Journal, and, failing that, the standards of the EU country of manufacture that give equivalent safety (Art. 13Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 13Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 14Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 14Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).
• A newer edition counts only once its reference is published. The Commission’s page for the Directive lists the implementing decisions: 2023/2723 and its amendments of 19 April 2024, 30 October 2024, 16 July 2025 and 22 July 2025, and 2025/1464 on EN 60335-2-14:2006. None of those amendments touches EN 62368-1. As of the Official Journal check of 5 October 2026, EN 62368-1:2014 with corrigendum AC:2015 is still the only edition of that standard cited under the Directive, and the 22 July 2025 amendment is the last act that changes the list. The page’s summary list dates from 4 November 2024, and the page notes that such lists are not updated from April 2025 onwards.

A standard gives a presumption, not a certificate, and the manufacturer stays responsible for the declaration (Art. 15(4)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 15, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

The EU declaration of conformity and the CE marking

The declaration states that the safety objectives in Annex I have been met. It follows the model structure of Annex IV, contains the elements of Module A, is kept continuously up to date and is translated into the language or languages the EU country of sale requires (Art. 15(1)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 15, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 15(2)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 15, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Annex IV has seven points:

1. Product model or product (type, batch or serial number).
2. Name and address of the manufacturer or its authorised representative.
3. A statement that the declaration is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer.
4. The object of the declaration, identified so it can be traced; it may include a clear colour image.
5. A statement that the object conforms to the relevant Union harmonisation legislation.
6. References to the harmonised standards used, or to the other technical specifications.
7. Additional information.

Then the place and date of issue, and the name, function and signature of the signer. Giving the declaration a number is optional (footnote 1 to Annex IV).

The CE marking goes on the equipment or its data plate, visibly, legibly and indelibly. Only where that is not possible or not warranted does it go on the packaging and the accompanying documents. It is affixed before the equipment is placed on the market (Art. 17Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 17Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Only the manufacturer or its authorised representative affixes it. It goes only on products that an EU harmonisation law provides it for, and it is the only marking that attests conformity with that law (Art. 30(1)Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, accreditation and market surveillance (CE marking)Article 30, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 30(2)Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, accreditation and market surveillance (CE marking)Article 30, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 30(4)Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, accreditation and market surveillance (CE marking)Article 30, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

What each role owes

What changes when you sell online from outside the EU

An online offer targeted at end users in the EU counts as making the product available on the EU market (Art. 6Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 6Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020). The Directive defines an importer as someone established in the EU and an authorised representative as someone established in the EU with a written mandate (Art. 2Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.), so a seller outside the EU shipping straight to EU buyers has neither by default.

Directive 2014/35/EUDirective 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)The whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. is one of the laws listed in Art. 4(5)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 4, paragraph 5Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office.. A product under it may be placed on the market only if an economic operator established in the EU is responsible for it (Art. 4(1)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 4, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). That operator is any of these: an EU manufacturer; the importer, where the manufacturer is not in the EU; an authorised representative with a written mandate; or, where none of those is established in the EU, an EU fulfilment service provider for the products it handles (Art. 4(2)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 4, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). It verifies that the declaration and technical documentation exist, keeps the declaration at the disposal of the authorities, makes sure the documentation can be produced, cooperates with the authorities and informs them of a risk (Art. 4(3)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 4, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Its name, trade name or trade mark and contact details, postal address included, go on the product, its packaging, the parcel or an accompanying document (Art. 4(4)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 4, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

The LVD itself leaves the authorised representative optional (Art. 7Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 7Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). The duty to have an EU operator comes from Regulation (EU) 2019/1020Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office.. Who can hold the role and what it costs is the EU Responsible Person; how it differs from an authorised representative is EU responsible person vs authorised representative.

What goes on the product, in the box and on the listing

• On the product: the CE marking; a type, batch or serial number or other element allowing identification; the manufacturer’s name, registered trade name or trade mark and a single postal address where it can be contacted; the importer’s name and postal address. Where the size or nature of the product does not allow it, the information goes on the packaging or in a document that comes with it (Art. 6(5)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 6, paragraph 5Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 6(6)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 6, paragraph 6Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 8(3)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 8, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 17Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 17Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). The contact details must be in a language end users and market surveillance authorities easily understand. The Directive encourages a website address in addition to the postal address (recital 8).
• In the box: instructions and safety information in a language consumers and other end users can easily understand, as determined by the EU country concerned. They and any labelling are clear, understandable and intelligible (Art. 6(7)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 6, paragraph 7Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 8(4)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 8, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). What a manual must hold is in EU user manual requirements.
• On the listing of a consumer product (one meant for consumers or likely to be used by them, Art. 3(1)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 3, point 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.): the manufacturer’s name and postal and electronic address; where the manufacturer is outside the EU, the EU operator under Article 4(1)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office.; a picture and type of the product; and any warning or safety information that goes on the product, in a language consumers understand (Art. 19Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 19Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. of the General Product Safety Regulation). The GPSR’s manufacturer and importer duties in Chapter III, Section 1 do not apply to a product under Union harmonisation legislation; its rules on online offers and accidents do (Art. 2(1)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 2, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 20Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 20Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

What to get from your supplier

1. The EU declaration of conformity for the exact model you sell, with the seven Annex IV points, naming Directive 2014/35/EUDirective 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)The whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. and every other EU act that applies, signed and dated.
2. The technical documentation, or a written commitment that the manufacturer will hand it to an EU authority on request for 10 years after the product is placed on the market. As importer, you must make sure it can be made available (Art. 8(8)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 8, paragraph 8Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).
3. The standards and test reports behind it: which harmonised standards were applied, in full or in part, and the reports that show it.
4. The markings on the product: the CE marking, a type, batch or serial number, and the manufacturer’s name and postal address.
5. The instructions and safety information in the language of each EU country where you sell.
6. Who supplied what, kept on your side: your supplier and your business customers, for 10 years (Art. 11Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 11Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

How the Directive sits next to machinery, RoHS, EMC, radio and the GPSR

The Directive covers electrical safety. Other EU laws cover other risks of the same product, and one declaration can name them all (Art. 15(3)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 15, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Machinery is the exception: where it applies, it takes over the electrical conformity procedure.

A mains lamp with Bluetooth, for instance, is radio equipment: its electrical safety comes from the radio Directive, and RoHS applies as well.

What happens if you sell without it

Without the CE marking, the declaration or the documentation, the product stays off the shelf: an importer must make sure they exist before placing the product on the market, and a distributor must check them before selling (Art. 8(2)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 8, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 9(2)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 9, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

An EU country that finds any of these must require the economic operator to end the non-compliance (Art. 22(1)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 22, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.): the CE marking affixed wrongly or not at all; no declaration, or one drawn up wrongly; technical documentation missing or incomplete; the manufacturer’s or importer’s details absent, false or incomplete; any other administrative duty of Article 6Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 6Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. or 8Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 8Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. not met. If it persists, the country takes all appropriate measures to restrict or prohibit the product, or to have it recalled or withdrawn (Art. 22(2)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 22, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

Where equipment presents a risk, the authorities evaluate it and require corrective action, withdrawal or recall within a reasonable period. The economic operator must make sure the action covers every unit it made available throughout the Union (Art. 19Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 19Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Equipment that complies but presents a risk can be pulled the same way (Art. 21Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 21Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

Penalties are set by each EU country, which must make them effective, proportionate and dissuasive. They may include criminal penalties for serious infringements (Art. 24Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 24Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). EU countries must also take appropriate action against improper use of the CE marking (Art. 17(3)Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 17, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

Great Britain has its own rules: the Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016

For England, Wales and Scotland the rules are the Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/1101). They cover electrical equipment rated 50 to 1,000 V AC or 75 to 1,500 V DC, with almost the same exclusions as Annex II; the Great Britain list has no entry for radio-electrical interference. Radio equipment that falls under the Radio Equipment Regulations 2017 is mostly outside them, with a few exceptions (reg. 3).

For the Great Britain market, GOV.UK says the UK continues to recognise the CE marking alongside or in place of the UKCA marking, under the Product Safety and Metrology (Amendment) Regulations 2024. GOV.UK’s table of product regulations by sector pairs the Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016 with the Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EUDirective 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)The whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. and lists electrical equipment as marked UKCA or CE in Great Britain. The first page also lists the Regulations, for all products, among those under which a manufacturer can self-declare conformity for the UKCA marking. A GB importer is a business established in the UK that supplies a product from outside the UK. Northern Ireland has its own GOV.UK guidance for CE and UKNI marked products.

The UKCA marking does not replace the CE marking in the EU. The CE marking is the only marking that attests conformity with EU harmonisation law (Art. 30(4)Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, accreditation and market surveillance (CE marking)Article 30, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

What the law leaves open

• Whether a newer standard edition gives a presumption. A reference counts once it is published in the Official Journal (Art. 12Directive 2014/35/EU, Low Voltage Directive (consolidated text of 30 May 2026)Article 12Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). The Commission’s page for the Directive lists no decision that publishes a later edition of EN 62368-1, and it notes that summary lists are not updated from April 2025 onwards. No official text read here says whether another edition is on its way.
• How much testing is enough. Module A asks for documentation that lets conformity be assessed and for test reports “where applicable”. It sets no number of tests and no duty to use an outside laboratory. The manufacturer’s own risk assessment decides how much evidence it needs.

What you can skip