GPSR fines: what each country sets

What actually happens, and in what order

Three things can happen to a business that ignores GPSR, and they do not arrive together. The channel moves first: a marketplace hides or removes the listing, and that costs you sales the week it happens. An authority can move second: it can order corrective measures, including withdrawal or recall, and have the offer taken down. A fine comes last and least often. It is national, and somebody has to decide to impose it.

Whether GPSR reaches you at all is a separate question, decided by the reach test and the categories Art. 2(2)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 2, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. leaves out: does GPSR apply to me, and the GPSR guide. What each role has to do once it does reach you is GPSR requirements.

Why the fine is national and GPSR sets no figure

Art. 44Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 44Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. is the whole of what the Regulation says about money:

Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of this Regulation that impose obligations on economic operators and providers of online marketplaces and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented in accordance with national law. The penalties provided for shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.

That is it. No euro amount, no percentage, no band. Every figure in the drawing above comes from a national act, and the spread between them is enormous: a routine Dutch administrative fine is €1,050, while Spain’s consumer-law ceiling is €1,000,000, or more by a multiple of the unlawful gain. The number that can reach you is the one set in the country where the product was made available, not the one set where your company sits (Art. 4Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Seven countries are set out below. Each of the other twenty sets its own penalties in its own act.

For a product with its own EU law, Art. 44Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 44Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. does not apply: it sits in Chapter XI, which Art. 2(1)(b)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 2, paragraph 1, point (b)Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. switches off. Its fines come from each EU country’s rules under that law. Art. 41Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 41Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. also makes each country set penalties for breaches of that Regulation itself, such as selling with no EU operator under its Art. 4(1)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 4, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., and of the laws listed in its Annex II.

One gap is open. The GPSR articles that still reach such a product, the online offer (Art. 19Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 19Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.), accidents (Art. 20Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 20Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.), the marketplace rules (Art. 22Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 22Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.) and the recall notice and remedies (Art. 35Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 35Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. to Art. 37Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 37Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.), have no penalty clause that clearly covers them: Art. 44Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 44Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. is switched off, the sector law punishes breaches of its own rules, and Art. 41Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 41Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. names only Regulation (EU) 2019/1020Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. and its Annex II. The law leaves this open. Meanwhile, comply with those articles as if they were enforced: marketplaces enforce the offer and marketplace rules through their own listing checks.

Germany. Up to €100,000 for the more serious offence categories and up to €10,000 for the rest, under the Produktsicherheitsgesetz, §28. Since 19 February 2026 that includes failing to take a corrective measure on a dangerous product under GPSR itself (§28(2)). Repeating the gravest offences persistently, or endangering life, health or another’s property of significant value through them, is a crime: up to one year in prison or a criminal fine (§29). Enforcement is mainly by the Länder: each of the 16 has its own market surveillance authority. The German page: German Product Safety Act (ProdSG). For Great Britain, see UK product safety regulations.

France. Two tiers. Breaching most GPSR duties (Arts 9-16, 18-20, 22, 28, 35-37) is a contravention: up to €1,500 for a natural person and €7,500 for a legal person, doubled on a repeat within a year (Code de la consommation R. 451-1, R. 412-43-2, unofficial copy of Légifrance). Not declaring a recall on RappelConso is a separate contravention of the same amount, once per product recalled (R. 452-5). For a manufacturer or importer, failing the measures that Art. 9(8)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 9, paragraph 8Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. and 11(8)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 11, paragraph 8Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. require (corrective action, informing consumers, notifying the authorities), or, for a marketplace, breaching Art. 22(12)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 22, paragraph 12Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., is criminal: up to five years’ imprisonment and a €600,000 fine for an individual, which can be raised, in proportion to the gain from the offence, to 10% of the operator’s average annual turnover (L. 452-5-1; the DGCCRF’s own page says the same). A company is not imprisoned: its fine is up to five times the individual’s (Code pénal art. 131-38, as the Ministry of Justice’s Infostat 82 states it), or the 10% cap. The acts are Loi n° 2024-364 and Décret n° 2024-1171. The French page: France product safety (DGCCRF).

Netherlands. €525 per violation for a business with 50 employees or fewer, €1,050 above that, under the Warenwetbesluit bestuurlijke boeten. A business with turnover of at least €10 million can be given a turnover-related fine instead: 1% of the previous year’s turnover if the conduct was intentional, 0.5% if grossly negligent. That turnover fine is capped at the Dutch Criminal Code’s sixth-category fine, which the decree names by cross-reference rather than as a euro amount. The minister imposes the fine (Warenwet art. 32a); the NVWA inspects.

Ireland. Under S.I. No. 726/2024, Regulation 21, a summary conviction carries a class A fine — capped at €5,000 under Irish law — or up to six months’ imprisonment, or both. On conviction on indictment it is a fine of up to €500,000 or up to two years’ imprisonment, or both. The CCPC prosecutes.

Italy. D.Lgs. 8 aprile 2026 n. 78 rewrote Article 112 of the Codice del Consumo. Making a dangerous product available in breach of the general safety requirement carries six months to a year of arrest and an ammenda (a criminal fine) of €10,000 to €100,000, raised by up to half where the product presents a serious risk. Failing to give the authority the information of Art. 15, not cooperating, or obstructing its checks is €4,000 to €40,000. Breaching the Chapter III obligations is €2,500 to €25,000. The fines of €4,000 to €40,000 and €2,500 to €25,000 are those of Art. 112(2)-(3). Art. 112(6) says the sanctions of Art. 112 are imposed by the Chamber of Commerce competent for the territory (Codice del Consumo Art. 112(6)). Arrest and the ammenda of Art. 112(1), and the ammenda of €3,000 to €30,000 for ignoring a market surveillance order under Art. 112(4), are criminal penalties (Codice penale Art. 17). The Italian page: Italy product safety (MIMIT).

Spain. €150 to €10,000 for a minor infringement, €10,001 to €100,000 for a serious one and €100,001 to €1,000,000 for a very serious one, each up to a multiple of the unlawful gain (two to four, four to six and six to eight times), under the consumer-protection law, Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2007, Articles 47(h), 48 and 49. A safety breach is listed as serious, and as very serious with aggravating circumstances. The Ministry of Consumption names that law’s Title IV as Spain’s penalty regime for GPSR, “sin perjuicio de otros regímenes sancionadores aplicables” (without prejudice to other applicable penalty regimes) (FAQ 9.1). The autonomous communities decide the cases. The State acts alongside them when the harm is generalised across more than one community: the Dirección General de Consumo up to €100,000, the Secretaría General above (Article 52 bis). A community can extend the amounts by law (Article 46(11)). Ley 21/1992 de Industria, the general industrial-safety law, goes up to €100,000,000 (Article 34), but no official page names it as a GPSR route. The Spanish page: Spain product safety (Consumo).

Poland. The act of 7 November 2025 (Dz.U. 2025 poz. 1826), in force since 3 January 2026, sets its ceilings by role: up to 1,000,000 zł for a manufacturerArt. 3(8)any natural or legal person who manufactures a product or has a product designed or manufactured, and markets that product under that person’s name or trademarkClick the term for the full definition or an importerArt. 3(10)any natural or legal person established within the Union who places a product from a third country on the Union marketClick the term for the full definition behind an unsafe product, up to 500,000 zł for a distributorArt. 3(11)any natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the manufacturer or the importer, who makes a product available on the marketClick the term for the full definition and up to 500,000 zł for breaching the Art. 19Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 19Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. offer-page duties. A provider of an online marketplaceArt. 3(14)a provider of an intermediary service using an online interface which allows consumers to conclude distance contracts with traders for the sale of productsClick the term for the full definition that ignores a removal decision faces up to 1,000,000 zł of its own. The President of UOKiK imposes these fines; the voivodship trade inspector imposes those for obstructing its own checks (Art. 86). One million złoty is roughly €230,000 at current rates — that is a currency conversion, not a legal figure.

Why the listing is the consequence that arrives first

If you sell through a marketplace, the marketplace acts long before any authority does, and it acts because the Regulation makes it act. It has to design its interface so that traders can supply the Art. 19Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 19Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. information for each offer, and make that information easily accessible on the listing (Art. 22(9)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 22, paragraph 9Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). It has to receive takedown orders from market surveillance authorities about a dangerous product and act on them within two working days (Art. 22(4)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 22, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). And it has to suspend, for a reasonable period and after a prior warning, its services to traders that frequently offer non-compliant products (Art. 22(11)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 22, paragraph 11Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). A missing field on your listing is the marketplace’s own legal exposure, so it solves it by hiding the listing.

Each platform states its own consequence in its own words:

• eBay: “If you don’t comply with the GPSR, your listings may not be visible or purchasable to buyers in the EU and Northern Ireland.” Visibility comes back when the information is supplied, and eBay says there “shouldn’t be any impact to that listing’s history or search ranking”. Account-level action comes only where “a relevant amount of listings will be identified as non-compliant or a seller repeatedly violates requirements after suitable warnings.”
• Amazon, in a staff announcement in its Seller Forums: “Non-compliant listings risk removal and ineligibility for flash sales.” Amazon’s GPSR help-hub articles in Seller Central open only to signed-in sellers; the forum announcement, posted on 24 April 2024, is Amazon’s public statement.
• Etsy names no penalty for an empty field. Its Seller Handbook says that once an authority notifies Etsy that a product is non-compliant, Etsy may remove the listing or suspend the account. What it also offers is an exit: “You can opt out of selling your products to GPSR countries. Once you opt out, buyers in EEA States and Northern Ireland won’t be able to purchase items from your shop.”

Those three lines are marketplace policy, not law, and they change without notice. Where each field lives and what each platform calls it is GPSR marketplace requirements.

What the authorities actually do

GPSR does not build its own enforcement machine. Art. 23Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 23Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. switches on the market surveillance powers of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. for GPSR products, and says to read every “non-compliance” in that Regulation as “failure to comply with this Regulation”. Those powers are how an inspection, a document request or an order to withdraw a product reaches you. Art. 23(3)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 23, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. adds one of its own: where a dangerous product has been identified, authorities may ask the manufacturer about other products made the same way, containing the same components, or from the same batch.

What happens next is public. A dangerous product found in one country is notified through the Safety Gate Rapid Alert System and shown to the other 26 — that route, and the Safety Business Gateway you file through, is Safety Gate. The volume is published too: EU countries send the Commission data on how the Regulation is being applied every year, and the Commission publishes a summary (Art. 24Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 24Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

The published numbers give you a sense of scale rather than a probability. The Commission reported 4,671 Safety Gate alerts in 2025, up 13% and the highest on record, with a 35% rise in follow-up actions — withdrawals, recalls, border stops and marketplace delistings — and more than 1,200 online marketplaces registered on the Safety Gate Portal by the end of 2025. In the Netherlands, the NVWA carried out 3,705 product-safety inspections in 2024 at 2,462 businesses and imposed a measure on 707 of them.

None of the seven countries publishes a register of GPSR penalty decisions, so there is no typical fine and no published count of fines issued. The Commission’s Safety Gate figures count alerts and corrective actions, not penalties.

If an authority does find a problem with your product, the fine is rarely the expensive part. Reaching every identifiable buyer directly, publishing a recall notice in the language of each country, and offering a repair, replacement or refund are the costs that follow (Art. 35Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 35Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 36Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 36Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.) — that is how to do a product recall.

Who checks GPSR, and the four ways a check reaches a seller

GPSR enforcement is real, and it is national. Each EU country’s market surveillance authority checks products against the Regulation, with the powers of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office. switched on for GPSR products (Art. 23(1)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 23, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). The Commission coordinates them: it organises joint activities in which authorities inspect products, offered online or offline, that they bought under a cover identity, and, unless the authorities agree otherwise, it coordinates sweeps, which are simultaneous checks of particular products or categories of products, with the aggregated results made public where appropriate (Art. 31(3)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 31, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 32(1)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 32, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 32(2)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 32, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Joint activities, sweeps and the penalty article Art. 44Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 44Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. do not apply to a product with its own EU harmonisation law (Art. 2(1)(b)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 2, paragraph 1, point (b)Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Which body holds the job differs by country, and each authority’s contact details are published on the Safety Gate Portal (Art. 22(4)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 22, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

A check reaches a seller by one of four routes:

What an authority can do once it has a case. The powers are the ones in Regulation (EU) 2019/1020Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationThe whole regulationClick opens the law on the EU Publications Office., listed here from the lightest to the heaviest.

1. It can require documents, technical specifications and data on compliance, information on the supply chain and the distribution network, the quantities on the market, other product models with the same technical characteristics, and who owns a website (Art. 14(4)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 14, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., points (a) to (c)).
2. It can inspect without announcing it, enter the premises, land or vehicles you use for your business, and acquire product samples, including under a cover identity, and test them (Art. 14(4)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 14, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., points (d), (e) and (j)).
3. Where it finds a problem, it requires you to take corrective action within a period it specifies. That can mean bringing the product into compliance, including fixing a formal defect such as missing marking, preventing it from being made available, withdrawing or recalling it, destroying it, or, where the risk arises only in certain conditions or for certain users, adding warnings (Art. 16(2)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 16, paragraph 2Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 16(3)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 16, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 16(4)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 16, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). What a recall demands of you is how to do a product recall.
4. Before it takes a measure, you are given the opportunity to be heard, for not less than 10 working days, unless the urgency of a health or safety risk makes that impossible. The measure has to state its exact grounds and tell you the remedies open to you and their time limits. Where it was taken without hearing you, you are heard as soon as possible afterwards and the measure is reviewed promptly (Art. 18Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 18Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).
5. If you do not act, or the risk persists, it can prohibit or restrict the product, order it withdrawn or recalled, and impose penalties (Art. 14(4)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 14, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., points (h) and (i); Art. 44Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 44Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., which Art. 23(2)(e)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 23, paragraph 2, point (e)Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. puts in the place of Article 41 of that Regulation). An unanswered request does not close the case. It is the step before this one.

Who gets checked first. Authorities do not check everything. They check on an adequate scale and choose by risk, and the text names the factors they weigh: the hazards and non-compliance associated with the product and how often they occur on the market, the operator’s activities, its past record of non-compliance, where relevant the risk profiling done by customs, consumer complaints, and information from other authorities, economic operators, the media and other sources (Art. 11(3)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 11, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). The Regulation gives no check frequency and no probability, so there is no figure for the chance that a given seller is checked.

What enforcement has done so far: marketplace orders, alerts and customs checks

The public record shows three kinds of action: orders to marketplaces about offers, alerts and follow-up measures on dangerous products, and checks on parcels. None of the official figures below counts fines.

• Orders to marketplaces. The Commission and the authorities published the results of the 2026 product safety sweep on 7 September 2026 (Commission, Representation in Italy, in Italian). Between May and July 2026, national authorities screened nearly 1,700 offers of childcare products and articles for physical activity on 35 online marketplaces, and sent the marketplaces 560 orders about non-compliant offers. Only 58% of the offers showed the manufacturer’s details, the EU responsible person and the product identification together. The sweep also checked whether marketplaces had registered on the Safety Gate Portal, and 91% had registered and designated the contact point for authorities, against 53% a year earlier. The release counts orders sent to marketplaces. It does not say what happened to the sellers behind the offers. The first EU sweep ran in spring 2025 (Safety Gate 2025 report).
• Alerts and the crawlers. The Commission’s eSurveillance web crawler flags products already notified on Safety Gate that are for sale online or that reappear, and generates direct contact links to tell the marketplace, which must react within three working days. Its Proactive web crawler, launched in 2025, searches marketplaces for potentially unsafe or non-compliant products. The report gives two figures for the crawlers: more than 1.6 million URLs inspected in 2025, and more than 20,800 URLs that contained dangerous products (Safety Gate 2025 report). That is the route by which an alert on a product like yours turns into a removed listing; the portals themselves are Safety Gate.
• What the alert counts cover. Safety Gate is the alert system for dangerous non-food products in general, so its counts are not a count of GPSR cases against online sellers. Of the 4,671 alerts in 2025, 36% concerned cosmetics, 16% toys and 11% electrical appliances and equipment. Of the 5,794 follow-up actions, 57% involved motor vehicles, 12% toys and 8% electrical appliances and equipment (Safety Gate 2025 report).
• Parcels at the border. In 2025, 27 customs authorities and 108 market surveillance authorities ran a joint control operation on products sent from third-country operators directly to EU consumers. In the first phase, from April to June 2025, they checked 20,040 pieces of toys and small electronics, and 64% did not comply with EU product rules (Commission, Taxation and Customs Union). Those are checks against EU product rules in general, not against GPSR alone. The same page puts the 2025 EU customs control rate at 65 items per million items imported, so most parcels pass unchecked. Checks are targeted by risk analysis, not drawn at random (Art. 25(3)Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Market Surveillance RegulationArticle 25, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

Read together: the enforcement on record is orders to marketplaces, alerts, removed listings and held parcels. What reaches a seller first is the marketplace acting on a missing field, an order or an alert, as set out under why the listing is the consequence that arrives first. If you do nothing, an offer that is missing the Art. 19Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 19Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. information is what a sweep checks. For a product without its own EU harmonisation law, the national acts above punish breaches of GPSR, and Poland names the offer-page duties outright; Italy’s €4,000 to €40,000 band is for the Art. 15Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 15Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. information duties to the authority, and the offer-page duties fall under its general Chapter III band, €2,500 to €25,000 (Codice del consumo art. 112(2)-(3)). For a product with its own EU law, the open gap set out above applies. What each marketplace asks for is GPSR marketplace requirements.

What complying costs against what doing nothing risks

The recurring cost has a floor that does not move with your revenue — one responsible-person contract, about €150 to about €1,150 a year — while the risk side scales with what you sell and where. If you sell into the EU at any regular volume, complying wins: that floor is smaller than the sales a single hidden listing costs you, and it buys you out of the corrective-order and fine columns as well. It comes out the other way in one narrow case: a few units a year into one country, where the responsible-person fee alone is larger than the margin on everything you ship. There the answer is to stop directing offers at the EU, the way the next section describes, rather than to comply halfway — a listing missing the Art. 19Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 19Click opens the article on EUR-Lex. fields gets hidden whether or not you paid for the rest.

What the law says about winding down

Stopping is a legitimate answer, and the Regulation’s own definitions make it a clean one. An offer is deemed to be made available on the marketArt. 3(6)any supply of a product for distribution, consumption or use on the Union market in the course of a commercial activity, whether in return for payment or free of chargeClick the term for the full definition if it is targeted at consumers in the Union, and it counts as targeted if the economic operator directs its activities, by any means, to one or more EU countries (Art. 4Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). Stop directing activities at the EU — remove the shipping destinations, stop the EU-facing offers — and there is nothing further being made available. A distributor’s duties are written the same way: they bite “before making a product available on the market” (Art. 12(1)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 12, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.), not afterwards, for a business that has stopped. Etsy’s opt-out, quoted above, is this same move done inside a platform.

There is no GPSR register to leave. The only registration the Regulation creates is the marketplace’s: providers of online marketplaces must register with the Safety Gate Portal and publish their single contact point there (Art. 22(1)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 22, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.). That duty is the platform’s, not yours. The text names no register of manufacturers, importers or distributors, so it names no deregistration either. If a national authority or a marketplace has you on a list of its own, leaving that list is their procedure, and this Regulation does not govern it.

What does not stop on the day you stop selling:

• The products already out there. If a product you placed on the market turns out to be dangerous, the corrective-action and notification duties still run, and a recall still has to reach the buyers you can identify (Art. 9(8)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 9, paragraph 8Click opens the article on EUR-Lex., Art. 35(1)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 35, paragraph 1Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).
• The technical documentation. A manufacturer keeps it at the disposal of market surveillance authorities for 10 years after the product was placed on the market (Art. 9(3)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 9, paragraph 3Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).
• The paper trail. Every economic operatorArt. 3(13)the manufacturer, the authorised representative, the importer, the distributor, the fulfilment service provider or any other natural or legal person who is subject to obligations in relation to the manufacture of products or making them available on the market ...Click the term for the full definition must be able to produce information about a risk, complaints and corrective measures for 10 years after being supplied with the product or supplying it (Art. 15(4)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 15, paragraph 4Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.), and traceability information — who supplied you, who you supplied — for six years (Art. 15(5)Regulation (EU) 2023/988, General Product Safety RegulationArticle 15, paragraph 5Click opens the article on EUR-Lex.).

Winding down ends the obligations that attach to selling. The ones that attach to what you already sold stay.

What you can skip

What the law leaves open

• Whether Spain also fines a GPSR breach under Ley 21/1992. The Ministry of Consumption names Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2007 as Spain’s penalty regime for GPSR, without prejudice to other applicable regimes, and no official Spanish page names Ley 21/1992 de Industria as a GPSR route. That act’s €100,000,000 ceiling is real and current; whether a GPSR breach is ever fined under it is untested. Meanwhile, treat the consumer-law bands as the Spanish figures that apply.