EU VAT rates by country
The standard VAT rate in the EU runs from 17% in Luxembourg to 27% in Hungary. Choose a country to see its standard rate and every reduced, super-reduced, parking and zero rate it lists in TEDB, with the country's own note on what each one covers. All 27 countries are in the table below.
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Italy
The standard VAT rate in Italy is 22%.
Each heading is a category from the VAT Directive's lists. The note under it is the one Italy entered in TEDB. Italy's own law decides what a rate covers, often by CN code (Art. 98(4)). 0% is a zero rate or an exemption: TEDB does not separate them.
Reduced rate 5%
- Live equines. DL 113/2024 -live horses intended for purposes other than food for sales that take place by 31 December of the year following the year of birth
- Medical equipment.
Articles of protective clothing for health purposes such as latex, vinyl and nitrile gloves, protective goggles and visors, protective...
Articles of protective clothing for health purposes such as latex, vinyl and nitrile gloves, protective goggles and visors, protective suits, footwear and overshoes, caps, waterproof gowns, surgical gowns; thermometers; disinfectant hand cleaners; wall dispenser for disinfectants; hydroalcoholic solution in liters; 3 percent peroxide in liters; emergency trolleys; RNA extractors;- Diagnostic instrumentation for COVID-19; swabs for clinical analyzes; sterile test tubes; equipment for the construction of field hospitals (hospital beds, tents, plastic tents)
Pulmonary ventilators for intensive and sub-intensive care; multi-parameter monitor also for transport; infusion pumps for drugs and...
Pulmonary ventilators for intensive and sub-intensive care; multi-parameter monitor also for transport; infusion pumps for drugs and peristaltic pumps for enteral feeding; endotracheal tubes; helmets for continuous positive pressure ventilation; non-invasive ventilation masks; suction systems; humidifiers; laryngoscopes; vascular access instrumentation; electric vacuum cleaner; monitoring center for intensive care; portable ultrasound scan; electrocardiograph; computerized tomograph.- FFP2 and FFP3 masks according to the EN 149 standard, made of TNT 6307 9093 11; other masks with characteristics similar to FFP2 and FFP3 in compliance with a standard similar to EN 149, made of TNT 6307 909319
FFP2/FFP3 masks according to the EN149 standard and other masks compliant with a similar standard, made of fabric 6307 909390; facial masks...
FFP2/FFP3 masks according to the EN149 standard and other masks compliant with a similar standard, made of fabric 6307 909390; facial masks for medical use according to the EN 14683 standard, made of TNT 6307 909511; other masks for medical use conforming to a standard similar to that for facial masks for medical use, made of TNT 6307 909519; FFP2 and FFP3 masks according to EN 149 and other masks compliant with a similar standard with replaceable filter 9020 0010
- Medicines.
Instrumentation for in vitro diagnostics for COVID-19: 1.1) COVID-19 diagnostic and reactive kits based on immunologic reactions; 1.2) Kit...
Instrumentation for in vitro diagnostics for COVID-19: 1.1) COVID-19 diagnostic and reactive kits based on immunologic reactions; 1.2) Kit for COVID-19 diagnosis consisting of: vial containing a culture medium for the maintenance of a viral sample and a swab with a cotton tip to collect the sample; 1.3) Instrumentation for sampling. The CN code 3822 19 00 10 is also included.- Instrumentation for in vitro diagnostics for COVID-19: 1.4) Diagnostic reagents based on the polymerase chain nucleic acid (PCR) test; 1.5) Instruments used in clinical laboratories for in vitro diagnosis. The CN code 3822 19 10 is also included.
- Foodstuffs.
- Fresh or chilled truffles
- Fresh basil, rosemary and sage, sprigs or shelled oregano, intended for food use; plants in the vegetative state of basil, rosemary and sage. CN codes: 1211908620, 1211908690
- Passenger transport. Passenger transport services provided by means of transport entitled to execute sea, lake, river and lagoon transport services. Urban passenger transport service by water with the exception of transport for tourism, cruises and exempt transport.
- Social welfare bodies.
The services referred to in Nos 18), 19), 20), 21) and 27-ter) of Article 10, paragraph 1, rendered in favour of the persons indicated in...
The services referred to in Nos 18), 19), 20), 21) and 27-ter) of Article 10, paragraph 1, rendered in favour of the persons indicated in No 27-ter) by social cooperatives and their consortia; [health services, hospitalization and care services, educational services for children and youth and instruction, services of children's homes, orphanages, kindergartens, retirement homes for the elderly and the like; social and health services, home or outpatient care, community and similar services]. - Sporting events.
Provision of courses in winter sports and mountaineering activities as identified by winter sports federations recognized by Italian...
Provision of courses in winter sports and mountaineering activities as identified by winter sports federations recognized by Italian National Olympic Committee by Art.2, par.1, letter e), Law 6/1989 on the regulation of the profession of mountain guide, imparted, including in organized form, by members of appropriate regional or national registers, to the extent that such courses are not exempt from VAT; (point 1-septies) of Part II-bis of Table A annexed to DPR 633/1972. - Art, collectors' items and antiques.
works of art, antiques, collectibles referred to in letter a) of the table attached to Decree-Law of 23 February 1995, No 41, converted,...
works of art, antiques, collectibles referred to in letter a) of the table attached to Decree-Law of 23 February 1995, No 41, converted, with modifications, by Law 22 March 1995, No 85, Provided that the special margin scheme for second-hand goods, works of art, antiques and collectors’ items is not applied
Reduced rate 10%
- Foodstuffs.
- Domestic rabbits, pigeons, hares, partridges, pheasants, frogs and other live animals intended for human consumption. Only if intended for human consumption
- meat and edible parts of horses, asses, mules and hinnies, bovine animals (including the buffalo genus), swine, sheep and goats, fresh, chilled, frozen or deep-frozen, salted or in brine, dried or smoked
- Meat, parts and offal of domestic rabbits, pigeons, hares, partridges, pheasants, frogs and other live animals intended for human consumption, fresh, chilled, salted or in brine, dried or smoked. 0208 90 10 0208 10 90 (if hare meat).
- Frozen or deep-frozen meat, offal and edible parts of domestic rabbits, pigeons, hares, partridges and pheasants. 0208 1010, 02081090 (hares), 0208 9030 frozen or deep-frozen meat of non-domestic pigeons, partridges and pheasants.
- lard, including unpressed or melted pork fat, fresh, chilled, frozen or deep-frozen, salted or pickled, dried or smoked
- Poultry fat not pressed or melted, fresh, chilled, salted or in brine, dried, smoked, frozen or deep-frozen
- Vegetables and edible plants prepared or preserved without vinegar or acetic acid. 2005 70 (olives in brine).
- Fruit, fruit peel, plants and parts of plants, cooked in sugars or candied (drained, frozen, crystallized)
- Fruit purees and pastes, jellies, jams, obtained by cooking, also with the addition of sugars
- Fruit otherwise prepared or preserved, even with added sugar. 2008 91 without added alcohol
- Edible offal of horses, asses, mules and hinnies, bovine animals (including the buffalo genus), swine, sheep and goats, fresh, chilled, frozen or deep-frozen, salted or in brine, dried or smoked
- edible dead poultry, fresh, chilled, frozen or deep frozen (including meat, offal and parts of animals, fresh, chilled, salted or in brine, dried or smoked, frozen or deep-frozen)
Fresh fish live or dead chilled frozen or deep-frozen intended for food use simply salted or in brine dried or smoked Crustaceans&molluscs...
Fresh fish live or dead chilled frozen or deep-frozen intended for food use simply salted or in brine dried or smoked Crustaceans&molluscs including testaceans whether or not separated from their shells fresh chilled frozen or deep-frozen dried salted or in brine, excluding lobsters and crawfish and oysters; crustaceans in shell simply cooked in water or by steaming excluding lobsters and crawfish. 030192,030193,030194,030195,03019903 only human consumption. Including 0306 399020,0306 999020- Rice, oats, other minor cereals, broken or crushed, intended for uses other than the zootechnical one. 1006 20, 1006 30, 1006 40, 1007 90, 1008, 1104 1210, 1104 1910, 1104 1930, 1104 1950, 1104 2295, 1104 2398 if not intended for zootechnical use.
- Groats and meal of barley, oats and other minor cereals; hulled, pearled, flaked cereals; germs of cereals also flour
- Fresh fish (live or dead), chilled, frozen or deep-frozen, intended for food use
- Flours of the dry legumes included in v. d. (07.05 of 1987) (current 07.13) or fruit included in chapter 8 of the Customs Tariff; flours and meal of sago and of roots and tubers included in v. d. (07.06 of 1987) (current 07.14); flour, semolina and potato flakes
- Malt, whether or not roasted
- Starches and starches; inulin
- Gluten and gluten flour, whether or not roasted
Linseed and castor seeds; other oily seeds and fruits not intended for de-oiling, excluding crushed ones. The CN code 1207 992090 is...
Linseed and castor seeds; other oily seeds and fruits not intended for de-oiling, excluding crushed ones. The CN code 1207 992090 is included. 1205 1090, 1205 90, 1206 0091, 1206 0099, 1207 10, 1207 29, 1207 4090, 1207 5090, 1207 60, 1207 70, 1207 9190, 1207 992090, 1207 9991, 1207 9996 excluding those intended for oil extraction and those crushed.- powdered or liquid milk for feeding infants or young children, put up in sets for retail sale. CN 0404 90 83 10 "Special milk, for infants, in hermetically sealed containers of a net content not exceeding 500 g of a fat content, by weight, exceeding 10 %".
- Partially or totally hydrogenated animal or vegetable oils and fats and animal or vegetable oils and fats solidified or hardened by any other process, including refined, but not prepared, intended for human or animal consumption. 1516 10, 1516 20 if for human or animal consumption
- Flour from oily seeds and fruits, without oil extraction, excluding mustard flou
- Seeds, spores and fruit for sowing
- Hop cones. 1210 20 excluding lupulin and lupulin powder
- Algae
- Sugar beets, whether or not cut into strips, fresh or dried
- Chicory roots, fresh or dried, whether or not cut, unroasted; fresh or dried carobs; fruit kernels and plant products used principally in human consumption, not elsewhere specified or included. 1212 94 excluding those roasted
- Straw and husk of cereals, flock, whether or not chopped
- Fodder beets, turnips, fodder roots; hay, alfalfa, sainfoin, clover, forage cabbage, lupine, vetch and other similar forage products
- Vegetable juices and extracts of hops; manna. 1307 19 70 (manna)
- Lard and other pressed or melted pork fat, goose fat and other poultry fat, pressed or melted. 1501 if pressed or melted
- sevi (of bovine, ovine and caprine species), raw or processed, including sevi called "first sauce", intended for human or animal consumption. 1502 1090 raw or processed, intended for human or animal consumption.
- lard stearin, oleostearin, lard oil and not emulsified oleo-oil, not mixed or otherwise prepared, intended for human or animal consumption. 1503 0019 e 1503 0090 if for human or animal consumption
- fats and oils of fish and marine mammals, whether or not refined, for human or animal consumption. 1504 10, 1504 2090 e 1504 3090 if for human or animal consumption.
Other animal fats and oils intended for animal nutrition; crude vegetable oils intended for human or animal consumption. 1506 if for human...
Other animal fats and oils intended for animal nutrition; crude vegetable oils intended for human or animal consumption. 1506 if for human or animal consumption; 15071090, 15081090,15111090,15121191, 15121199,15122190,15131191,15131199,1532130,15132190, 15141190,15149190,151511, 15152190,15153090,15155019,15159011,15159029,15159051,15159059 raw, if for human or animal consumption.- roasted chicory and other roasted coffee substitutes and extracts thereof; extracts or essences of coffee, tea, mate and chamomile; preparations based on these extracts or essence. The CN code 1211 908690 (chamomile) is also included.
- Natural yeasts, live or dead, prepared artificial yeasts
- Sauces; compound seasonings; preparations for soups, broths, broths; soups, broths, broths, preparations; homogenized compound food preparations.
- Prepared mustard and mustard flour
- Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included, except syrups of any kind
- wine vinegar; edible non-wine vinegars and their substitutes
- Imitations of lard and other prepared edible fats
- Products of mineral and chemical-industrial origin and additives for animal consumption. 1301 20, 1301 90, 1302 20, 1302 31 if additives for animal consumption.
- lecithins intended for human or animal consumption. 2923 20 if for human or animal consumption
- Raw beeswax
- Sausages, salamis and the like made from meat, offal or blood
- Other prepared or preserved meat or meat offal with the exception of goose or duck liver and game
- Meat extracts and sauces and fish extracts
- Prepared and preserved fish, except caviar and its substitutes; crustaceans and molluscs (including testaceans), excluding lobsters, crawfish and oysters, prepared or preserved. The CN codes 1605 400020, 1605 400030,1605 400040 are included.
- Yogurt, kephir, fresh milk, curdled milk, whey, buttermilk (or beaten milk) and other types of fermented or acidified milk 0401 excluding fresh milk intended for food consumption packaged for retail sale subjected to pasteurization and other treatments required by health laws
- Preserved, concentrated or sweetened milk
- Fresh milk cream, preserved, concentrated or not, sweetened or not The reduced rate of 10% applies also to the following items: 0401 401010 (fresh) 0401 409010 (fresh), 0401 501110, 0401 501910,0401 503110, 0401 503910, 0401 509110, 0401 509910. 0402 including milk creams
- Poultry eggs in shell, fresh or preserved. Excluding cooked eggs.
- Poultry eggs and egg yolks, dried or otherwise preserved, sweetened or not, intended for food use. 04081989 excluding yolks cooked in water or steamed, molded.
- Natural honey
- Guts, bladders and stomachs of animals, whole or in pieces, excluding those of fish, intended for human or animal nutrition. 0504 if for human or animal consumption.
- Raw bones, defatted or simply prepared, acidulated or degelatinated, their powders and waste, intended for animal feed. 0506 if for animal feed.
Ground or powdered vegetables and edible plants, but not otherwise prepared; cassava, arrowroot and salep roots, Jerusalem artichokes,...
Ground or powdered vegetables and edible plants, but not otherwise prepared; cassava, arrowroot and salep roots, Jerusalem artichokes, sweet potatoes and other similar roots and tubers with a high starch or inulin content, whether or not dried or cut into pieces; palm pith in sago. 0712 if ground or pulverized, excluding 0712 9011 and 0712 9019- Wine grapes
- Frozen fruit, with added sugar
- Beet and cane sugars, in solid form, excluding flavoured or coloured one
Other sugars in solid form, excluding flavoured or coloured ones; non-flavored or colored sugar syrups; honey substitutes, whether or not...
Other sugars in solid form, excluding flavoured or coloured ones; non-flavored or colored sugar syrups; honey substitutes, whether or not mixed with natural honey; caramelized sugars and molasses, intended for human or animal consumption. 1702 11, 1702 19, 1702 2090, 1702 30, 1702 40, 1702 9030, 1702 9050, 1702 9071, 1702 9075, 1702 9079, 17029080, 17029095 as long as not flavoured or coloured, and caramelized sugars and molasses for human or animal consumption.- Fresh citrus and melon peel, excluding frozen ones, presented immersed in salted or sulphured water or with the addition of other substances suitable for temporarily ensuring their conservation, or dried. Excluding frozen ones
- Tea, mate
- Spices
- Barley for sowing; oats, buckwheat, millet, canary seed, sorghum and other minor cereals, intended for uses other than the zootechnical one. 1004, 1007 e 1008 intended for uses other than the zootechnical one.
- Flours and powders of meat and offal, fish, crustaceans, molluscs, unsuitable for human consumption and intended exclusively for animal nutrition; greaves intended for human or animal consumption. 2301 if intended exclusively for animal feed while greaves if also intended for human consumption.
- Beet pulp, waste of spent sugar cane and other waste from the manufacture of sugar; leftovers from brewing and distillation of alcohol; leftovers from starch manufacture and other similar scraps and residues
- Oil-residue, olive pomace and other residues from the extraction of olive oil, excluding sludge; oil-residue and other residues from the de-oiling of oily seeds and fruits
- Wine lees, raw tartar
- Products of vegetable origin of the kind used for animal nutrition, not elsewhere specified or included
Molasses or sugared fodder; other preparations of the kind used in animal nutrition, excluding dog or cat food put up for retail sale. 2309...
Molasses or sugared fodder; other preparations of the kind used in animal nutrition, excluding dog or cat food put up for retail sale. 2309 90 excluding simple feed of plant origin; integrated feed, containing cereals and/or related flours and/or sugar; simple compound feed containing more than 50% (4%) cereals. Dog and cat food put up for retail sale, referred to in Article 75, paragraph 6, of Law 30 December 1991, No 413, is subject to the ordinary rate.- Oat flours and flours of other minor cereals intended for uses other than the zootechnical one. 1102 9030, 1102 9050, 1102 9090 if intended for uses other than the zootechnical one
- Molasses intended for human or animal consumption, excluding flavoured or coloured ones. 1703 as long as not flavoured or coloured for human or animal consumption
- Sugar-based products not containing cocoa (candies, gum boluses, tablets, nougat and the like) in non-quality packaging, such as paper, cardboard, plastic, tinplate, aluminum or ordinary glass. 1704 as long as not in high-quality packaging
- Unsweetened cocoa powder
- Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa in non-quality packaging, such as paper, cardboard, plastic, tinplate, aluminum or ordinary glass. 1806 if in non-quality packaging, such as paper, cardboard, plastic, tinplate, aluminum or ordinary glass.
- Malt extracts; preparations for feeding children, for dietary or cooking uses, based on flour, meal, starch or malt extract, whether or not with cocoa added to less than 50 per cent by weight.
- food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract for the feeding of infants or children, put up in sets for retail sale
- Tapioca, including potato starch
- Live horses, donkeys, mules and bardots, intended for use in the preparation of food products 0101 30 00 and 0101 90 00 only if intended for slaughter
- live bovine animals, including animals of the genus buffalo, swine, sheep and goats
- live poultry
- cereal products; obtained by blowing or roasting: ''puffed-rice'', ''corn-flakes'' and the like
- Fine bakery, pastry and biscuit products, whether or not with added cocoa in any proportion.
- Vegetables, edible plants and fruit, prepared or preserved in vinegar or acetic acid, with or without salt, spices, mustard or sugars
- Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included, except tendons, nerves, trimmings and other similar waste of untanned hides and skins. The CN codes are: 0511 99 8520, 051199 8590. The edible ones referred to in 04.10 are not included.
Frozen, dried or preserved truffles immersed in salted or sulphured water or with the addition of other substances for temporarily ensuring...
Frozen, dried or preserved truffles immersed in salted or sulphured water or with the addition of other substances for temporarily ensuring their conservation, but not prepared for immediate consumption. The CN codes are: 0710 8095 80 if truffles are not fresh, 0711 5900 90, 0712 909090 (only dried truffles). Fresh or refrigerated truffles are at 5%.
- Farm inputs.
- Bees and silkworms. The CN code 0106 49 is only for silkworms.
- Services by means of agricultural machinery or aircraft rendered to single or associated agricultural enterprises
- Plant protection products.
- Semen for the artificial insemination of livestock. The CN code 0511 998510 is also included.
- Active ingredients for the preparation and feed supplements.
- Medicines.
- Towels and tampons for feminine sanitary protection; menstrual cups The reduced rate of 10% applies also to the following item: 3924 9000 90.
- Baby nappies
- Vaccines against COVID-19.
- Medicines ready for human or veterinary use, including homeopathic products; pharmaceutical substances and medications which pharmacies must be equipped with according to the official pharmacopoeia.
- Firewood. Firewood in logs, stumps, twigs or faggots; wood waste, including sawdust but excluding pellets (CN code 4401 31 00).
- District heating.
Services & supplies of equipment and materials relating to the supply of thermal energy for domestic use through public district heating...
Services & supplies of equipment and materials relating to the supply of thermal energy for domestic use through public district heating networks or as part of the energy service contract, as defined in Interm Decree Art. 11, par. 1, of regulation referred to in Pres. Decree No 412/1993, and subsequent amendments; it includes supplies of energy produced from renewable sources or high efficiency cogeneration plants. Ordinary rate is applied to supplies of energy from other sources.- Connection services to district heating networks carried out in compliance with current legislation on energy saving
- Natural gas.
Supply of methane gas used for combustion for civil uses limited to 480 cubic meters per year; supply, via distribution networks, of...
Supply of methane gas used for combustion for civil uses limited to 480 cubic meters per year; supply, via distribution networks, of liquefied petroleum gases for domestic purposes for cooking food and for the production of hot water, liquefied petroleum gas contained by or intended to be placed in cylinders from 10 to 20 kg at any stage of marketing.Gas for use by mining, agricultural and manufacturing companies including printing, publishing and similar businesses; gas, methane gas and...
Gas for use by mining, agricultural and manufacturing companies including printing, publishing and similar businesses; gas, methane gas and liquefied petroleum gas, intended to be injected directly into the pipes of the distribution networks to be subsequently supplied, or destined to companies that use them for the production of electricity. 2705 and 2711 gas for the uses indicated above.
- Street cleaning and waste.
Management, storage and temporary storage services of urban waste and special waste (waste deriving from the recovery and disposal of...
Management, storage and temporary storage services of urban waste and special waste (waste deriving from the recovery and disposal of waste, of sludge produced by potabilization and from other water treatments and from the purification of waste water and smoke abatement), as well as management services for sewage and purification systems.Services of management, storage and temporary storage, excluding landfilling and incineration without efficient energy recovery, as defined...
Services of management, storage and temporary storage, excluding landfilling and incineration without efficient energy recovery, as defined by Article 183, paragraph 1, letters n), aa), bb), of Legislative Decree No. 152 of April 3, 2006, of municipal waste and special waste referred to in Article 184, paragraphs 2 and 3, letter g), of the same Legislative Decree, as well as services of management of sewerage and purification plants."
- Social housing.
Services dependent on procurement contracts relating to the construction of non-luxury homes other than "first homes" and of buildings...
Services dependent on procurement contracts relating to the construction of non-luxury homes other than "first homes" and of buildings mainly for residential use and the implementation of the recovery projects referred to in Article 31 of Law No 457 of 5 August 1978, excluding those referred to in letters a) and b) of paragraph 1 of that ArticleLeases of residential buildings by their construction companies or by the companies that have carried out the recovery projects for the...
Leases of residential buildings by their construction companies or by the companies that have carried out the recovery projects for the building heritage, referred to in Article 3, paragraph 1, letters c), d) and f), of the Consolidated Building Act referred to in Presidential Decree No 380 of 6 June 2001, and leases of residential buildings intended for social housing as defined by the Decree of the Minister of Infrastructure of 22 April 2008Services dependent on procurement contracts relating to the construction of 1ry&2ry urbanization works metropolitan tramway transport lines...
Services dependent on procurement contracts relating to the construction of 1ry&2ry urbanization works metropolitan tramway transport lines and other fixed lines;production plants and heat-energy and electricity distribution networks from solar-photovoltaic-wind sources;purification plants to be connected to sewer networks including intermunicipal ones and to the relative adduction manifolds;school buildings barracks hospital nursing home orphanages. The CPA code 41.00.48 is also included.
- Water supply. Water. 2201 90 excluding ice or snow. reduced rate of 10% applies also to the following items: 2202 9991 90; 2202 9995 90; 2202 9999 90. For mineral waters and beer the applicable rate is the ordinary rate.
- Fossil fuels.
- fuel oils used for direct generation of motive power with fixed engines in industrial and agricultural-industrial establishments, laboratories, construction sites; fuel oils other than special ones intended for transformation into gas to be fed into city distribution networks;
unrefined mineral oils from the primary distillation of crude natural oil or from the processing in establishments that transform mineral...
unrefined mineral oils from the primary distillation of crude natural oil or from the processing in establishments that transform mineral oils into chemical products of a different nature, with a flash point (closed cup test) below 55°C, in which the distillate at 225°C is less than 95% by volume and at 300°C is at least 90% by volume, intended for transformation into gas to be fed into city distribution networks;- Petroleum products for agricultural use and for inland fishing.
Crude mineral oils, fuel oils and aromatic extracts used to generate electricity, either directly or indirectly, provided that the...
Crude mineral oils, fuel oils and aromatic extracts used to generate electricity, either directly or indirectly, provided that the installed power is not less than 1 Kw; crude mineral oils, fuel oils (except fluid heating oils) and filter earths remaining from the processing of lubricating oils, containing not more than 45% by weight of petroleum products, for use directly as fuels in boilers and furnacesElectricity for domestic use; electricity&gas for use by mining agricultural&manufacturing enterprises including printing...
Electricity for domestic use; electricity&gas for use by mining agricultural&manufacturing enterprises including printing publishing&similar enterprises; electricity for irrigation, lifting&water drainage systems used by consorzi di bonifica&irrigation consortia; electricity supplied to wholesale customers referred LD 79/1999; gas methane gas&liquefied petroleum gases directly in pipes of distribution networks subsequently supplied or for enterprises for production of electricityAdministration of methane gas used for combustion for civil purposes limited to 480 m3 per year; administration, through distribution...
Administration of methane gas used for combustion for civil purposes limited to 480 m3 per year; administration, through distribution networks, of liquefied petroleum gases for domestic use in cooking food and hot water production, liquefied petroleum gases contained or intended to be placed in cylinders of 10 to 20 kg at any stage of marketing
- Electricity.
Electricity for household use; electricity for use by mining, agricultural and manufacturing companies including printing, publishing and...
Electricity for household use; electricity for use by mining, agricultural and manufacturing companies including printing, publishing and similar businesses; electricity for the operation of irrigation, lifting and drainage systems, used by reclamation and irrigation consortia; electricity supplied to wholesale customers referred to in Article 2, paragraph 5, of Legislative Decree No 79. 2716 electricity for the uses indicated above. - Passenger transport.
Passenger and their luggage transport services, excluding those set out in Table A, Part II-bis, No. 1-ter), and those exempt pursuant to...
Passenger and their luggage transport services, excluding those set out in Table A, Part II-bis, No. 1-ter), and those exempt pursuant to Article 10, No. 14), of Presidential Decree No 633 of 1972 [excluding passenger transport services provided by lake means and taxi]. Suburban passenger transport service with the exception of transport for tourism and cruises.Transport services provided by the means pursuant to Law No 1110 of 23 June 1927 and Royal Decree-Law No 1696 of 7 September 1939,...
Transport services provided by the means pursuant to Law No 1110 of 23 June 1927 and Royal Decree-Law No 1696 of 7 September 1939, converted into Law No. 8 of 5 January 1939 [transport by drag lifts, sledges and other means of transport without rails]. Urban passenger transport service with the exception of transport for tourism and exempt transport.
- Hotel accommodation. Services rendered to customers housed in accommodation facilities, as well as services of greater hotel comfort rendered to people hospitalized in health establishments
- Restaurants and catering. Administration of food and beverages, carried out also through vending machines; provision of services dependent on procurement contracts relating to the supply or administration of food and beverages. Limited to food and beverage administration and catering services.
- Writers, composers and performers. Writing contracts connected with theatrical performances, vocal and instrumental concerts, circus activities, puppet shows, etc., as well as the relative performances, rendered by intermediaries
- Cultural events. Theatrical performances of any kind, including operas, ballet, prose, operetta, musical comedy, magazine; vocal and instrumental concerts; circus and traveling show activities, puppet shows, marionettes and masks, including masked and costumed parades, held everywhere;
- Home renovation and repair. Services relating to the implementation of extraordinary maintenance interventions on public residential buildings
Super-reduced rate 4%
- Foodstuffs.
Olive oil, vegetable oils intended for human or animal consumption, including crude oils intended directly for refining for food use. All...
Olive oil, vegetable oils intended for human or animal consumption, including crude oils intended directly for refining for food use. All the items (except for 1509 and 1510 00) if vegetable oils intended for human or animal consumption, including crude oils intended directly for refining for food use.Fresh milk, not concentrated or sweetened, intended for food consumption, packaged for retail sale, subjected to pasteurization or other...
Fresh milk, not concentrated or sweetened, intended for food consumption, packaged for retail sale, subjected to pasteurization or other treatments required by health laws. The reduced rate of 4% applies only if fresh milk intended for food consumption packaged for retail sale subjected to pasteurization and other treatments provided for by health laws. The reduced rate of 4% applies also to the following items: 0401 40 10 90, 0401 50 11 90, 0401 50 31 90, 0401 50 91 90.- butter, cheese and dairy products
Edible vegetables and plants (NO truffles, fresh, chilled) in salted or sulphured water or with the addition of other substances suitable...
Edible vegetables and plants (NO truffles, fresh, chilled) in salted or sulphured water or with the addition of other substances suitable for temporarily ensuring their conservation, not prepared for immediate consumption; dried, dehydrated or evaporated, whether or not cut, but not otherwise prepared. 071220,071231,071232,071233,071239,07129005,07129030,07129050 neither ground nor pulverized. 0711590011,0711590019,0712909010,0712909050 neither ground nor pulverized are included. No pellets- Edible vegetables and plants, whether or not cooked, frozen or deep-frozen A reduced rate of 4% applies also to the following items: 0710 8095 30, 0710 8095 50, 0710 8095 60, 0710 8095 78 2004 90
- Animal or vegetable margarine
- Pasta products; crackers and rusks; bread, seafood biscuits and other ordinary bakery products, including those containing ingredients and substances permitted by Title III of Law No 580 of 4 July 1967, without added sugar, honey, eggs or cheese
- Peeled tomatoes and tomato preserves; olives in brine. 2005 70 00 if olives in brine
- Bran, sharps and other residues from the screening, milling or other processing of cereals and legumes
- Simple feed of vegetable origin; integrated feed containing cereals and/or related flours and/or sugar; simple compound feed containing, in excess of 50%, cereals included in this part of the table.
- Leguminous vegetables, dried, shelled, whether or not skinned or split
- Edible fruit, fresh or dried or temporarily preserved; fruit, whether or not cooked, frozen or deep-frozen without added sugar. A reduced rate of 4% applies also to the following items: 0806 1010 05, 0806 1010 90
Wheat, including rye, rye; maize; rice; paddy rice; barley, excluding that intended for sowing; oats, buckwheat, millet, canary seed,...
Wheat, including rye, rye; maize; rice; paddy rice; barley, excluding that intended for sowing; oats, buckwheat, millet, canary seed, sorghum and other minor cereals, intended for zootechnical use 1004 90 if intended for zootechnical use, 1006 20 (rice, not broken or crushed, intended for zootechnical use), 1006 30,1006 40, 1007 90, 1008 10, 1008 29 00, 1008 30, 100840,100850, 1008 60, 1008 90 if intended for zootechnical useWheat, maize, rye and barley, broken or crushed; rice, oats and other minor cereals, broken or crushed, intended for zootechnical use. 1006...
Wheat, maize, rye and barley, broken or crushed; rice, oats and other minor cereals, broken or crushed, intended for zootechnical use. 1006 20, 1006 30, 1006 40 rice if broken or crushed, for zootechnical use; 1104 1910, 1104 1930, 1104 1950, 1104 2398, 1104 2908 if broken or crushed; 1104 1210, 1104 2295, 1104 2959, 1104 1999 if broken or crushed, intended for zootechnical use.- Flour and groats of wheat, maize and rye; barley flours; oat flours, rice flours and other minor cereals intended for zootechnical use. 1102 9030, 1102 9050, 1102 9090 if intended for zootechnical use. The reduced rate of 4% applies also to the following item: 1103 192090
- corn germs intended for oil extraction. If maize germ intended for oil extraction.
- Oily seeds and fruits intended for oil extraction, excluding flax and castor seeds and crushed ones. If intended for oil extraction.
- Medical equipment.
- Gas for therapeutic use; artificial kidneys
- Prostheses and aids related to permanent functional impairments. 9001 30, 9001 4020, 900190, 9001 4020, 90014080, 90015049, 90015080, 9004(corrective glasses), 9404 21 e 9404 29 if prostheses and aids related to permanent functional.
Orthopedic appliances (including medical-surgical belts); fracture objects and appliances (showers, splints and the like); objects and...
Orthopedic appliances (including medical-surgical belts); fracture objects and appliances (showers, splints and the like); objects and apparatus of dental prostheses, ophthalmology and others; apparatus to facilitate hearing for the deaf and other apparatus to be held in the hand, to be worn on the person or to be inserted into the body, to compensate for a deficiency or infirmity.
- Chemical fertilisers. Fertilizers referred to in Law of 19 October 1984, No 748; organisms considered useful for biological control in agriculture 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105 if fertilizers or plant protection products.
- Books, newspapers and periodicals.
Newspapers and daily newsletters, news agency dispatches, books, periodicals, including in Braille writing and on audio-magnetic media for...
Newspapers and daily newsletters, news agency dispatches, books, periodicals, including in Braille writing and on audio-magnetic media for the blind and visually impaired, with the exception of pornographic newspapers and periodicals and catalogs other than those of book information, printed musical editions and geographic maps, including printed globes; paper needed for printing them. - Temporary exemptions and reduced rates (Art. 105a(2)).
paper needed for their printing and the printing of acts and publications of the Chamber of Deputies and Senate of the Republic; printed...
paper needed for their printing and the printing of acts and publications of the Chamber of Deputies and Senate of the Republic; printed matter and similar material relating to electoral campaigns if commissioned by candidates or their lists or by political parties or movements of political opinion;The reduced rate also applies to paper and printed matter. - Exemptions and super-reduced rates (Art. 105a(1)).
Provision of services on procurement contracts relating to the construction of buildings referred to in Article 13 of Law N 408/1949, and...
Provision of services on procurement contracts relating to the construction of buildings referred to in Article 13 of Law N 408/1949, and subsequent amendments, rendered to persons carrying out the construction of buildings for their subsequent sale, including building cooperatives and their consortia, even if under undivided ownership, or persons for which the conditions referred to in No 21) are met, as well as the construction of rural buildings referred to in No 21-bis) “first home”- Provision of services dependent on procurement contracts relating to the construction of works directly aimed at overcoming or eliminating architectural barriers
Administration of food and beverages in company and inter-company canteens, in school canteens of all levels, as well as in canteens for...
Administration of food and beverages in company and inter-company canteens, in school canteens of all levels, as well as in canteens for the poor even if the administrations are carried out on the basis of procurement contracts or special agreement. Limited to services rendered in school and company canteens.Subscription fees for circular broadcasts excluding of those transmitted in codified form; broadcasting services excluding those...
Subscription fees for circular broadcasts excluding of those transmitted in codified form; broadcasting services excluding those transmitted in codified form with predominantly political trade union cultural religious sporting educational or recreational character pursuant to Art. 19 b) c) Law 103/75 The reduced rate is applied only to subscription fees for circular broadcasts and on the tax base consisting of the share due, pursuant to current provisions, to the concessionaire of the service
Source: European Commission, Taxes in Europe Database (TEDB), as entered by each Member State, read 8 October 2026. TEDB's entries for Italy are dated 1 July 2026.
Each country defines what a reduced rate covers in its own law, often by CN code (Art. 98(4)), so the rate for a specific product depends on how that law reaches it (what a CN code is). The country's VAT law decides.
All 27 countries
The standard rate, and the lower rates with the VAT Directive's category each one falls under. A category name is a heading, not the scope of the rate: the scope is the country's own note. Each country name opens its full list with those notes, the zero rates and exemptions, and the regional rates.
| Country | Standard rate | Reduced rates and their categories | Super-reduced, parking and 0% rates (zero rate or exemption) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 20% | 10% Foodstuffs; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Hotel accommodation; Restaurants and catering and 6 more 13% Foodstuffs; Passenger transport; Farm inputs; Hand-made tapestries and 8 more Also a regional rate | 4.9% super-reduced: Foodstuffs 0% zero rate or exemption: Foodstuffs; Medicines; Passenger transport |
| Belgium | 21% | 6% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 22 more 12% Foodstuffs; Hotel accommodation; Restaurants and catering; Social housing | 12% parking: Parking rate (Art. 105a(3)) 0% zero rate or exemption: Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Passenger transport and 4 more |
| Bulgaria | 20% | 9% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Hotel accommodation | - |
| Croatia | 25% | 5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 6 more 13% Medicines; Newspapers; Children's car seats; Hotel accommodation and 6 more | - |
| Cyprus | 19% | 5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Children's car seats; Medical equipment and 13 more 9% Passenger transport; Hotel accommodation; Restaurants and catering | 3% super-reduced: Books; Newspapers; Periodicals; Medical equipment and 3 more 0% zero rate or exemption: Cultural events |
| Czechia | 21% | 12% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Periodicals; Children's car seats and 15 more | 0% zero rate or exemption: Books, newspapers and periodicals; Passenger transport |
| Denmark | 25% | - | 0% zero rate or exemption: Passenger transport; Social welfare bodies; Writers, composers and performers; Cultural events and 2 more |
| Estonia | 24% | 9% Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment 13% Hotel accommodation | - |
| Finland | 25.5% | 10% Newspapers; Periodicals 13.5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Passenger transport and 12 more | - |
| France | 20% | 5.5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 9 more 10% Medicines; Passenger transport; Hotel accommodation; Restaurants and catering and 7 more Also a regional rate | 2.1% super-reduced: Medicines; Newspapers; Periodicals 0% zero rate or exemption: Medical care |
| Germany | 19% | 7% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 13 more | 0% zero rate or exemption: Electricity |
| Greece | 24% | 6% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 5 more 13% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Children's car seats; Medical equipment and 15 more Also a regional rate | 4% super-reduced: Renovation of a home lived in by a non-owner 13% parking: Farm tools and equipment 0% zero rate or exemption: Medicines |
| Hungary | 27% | 5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 7 more 18% Foodstuffs; Cultural events | 0% zero rate or exemption: Newspapers |
| Ireland | 23% | 9% Foodstuffs; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Restaurants and catering; Hairdressing 13.5% Medicines; Medical equipment; Hotel accommodation; Artists' photographs and 14 more | 0% zero rate or exemption: Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 1 more |
| Italy | 22% | 5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Medical equipment; Passenger transport and 4 more 10% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Passenger transport; Hotel accommodation and 13 more | 4% super-reduced: Foodstuffs; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment; Chemical fertilisers and 2 more |
| Latvia | 21% | 5% Books, newspapers and periodicals 12% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Medical equipment; Passenger transport and 3 more | 0% zero rate or exemption: Sporting events; Medical care; Social welfare bodies; Writers, composers and performers and 1 more |
| Lithuania | 21% | 5% Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment 12% Passenger transport; Hotel accommodation; Cultural events | - |
| Luxembourg | 17% | 8% Plants and flowers; Natural gas; Fossil fuels; Electricity and 12 more 14% Fossil fuels | 3% super-reduced: Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Children's clothing and shoes and 18 more 8% super-reduced: Temporary exemptions and reduced rates (Art. 105a(2)) 14% parking: Parking rate (Art. 105a(3)); Wine; Solid fuels, mineral oils and fuel wood; Washing and cleaning products and 4 more 0% zero rate or exemption: Passenger transport |
| Malta | 18% | 5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 15 more 7% Hotel accommodation | 12% parking: Securities custody; Credit management; Short-term hire; Body care services 0% zero rate or exemption: Foodstuffs; Medicines; Passenger transport; Radio and TV reception and 3 more |
| Netherlands | 21% | 9% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 14 more | 0% zero rate or exemption: Solar panels |
| Poland | 23% | 5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Children's car seats 8% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 25 more | 8% super-reduced: Temporary exemptions and reduced rates (Art. 105a(2)) |
| Portugal | 23% | 6% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment and 18 more 13% Foodstuffs; Restaurants and catering; Water supply; Fossil fuels Also a regional rate | 6% super-reduced: Temporary exemptions and reduced rates (Art. 105a(2)) 13% parking: Parking rate (Art. 105a(3)) |
| Romania | 21% | 11% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Hotel accommodation and 7 more | 0% zero rate or exemption: Medical equipment |
| Slovakia | 23% | 5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Newspapers; Medical equipment and 6 more 19% Foodstuffs; Restaurants and catering; Electricity | - |
| Slovenia | 22% | 5% Books, newspapers and periodicals; Rescue equipment 9.5% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Medical equipment; Plants and flowers and 28 more | - |
| Spain | 21% | 10% Foodstuffs; Medicines; Medical equipment; Passenger transport and 21 more | 4% super-reduced: Exemptions and super-reduced rates (Art. 105a(1)) |
| Sweden | 25% | 6% Foodstuffs; Books, newspapers and periodicals; Medical equipment; Passenger transport and 3 more 12% Hotel accommodation; Restaurants and catering; Hand-made tapestries; Paintings and drawings and 8 more | - |
Source: European Commission, Taxes in Europe Database (TEDB), as entered by each EU country, read 8 October 2026. TEDB's entries are dated 1 July 2026 for 24 countries, 1 January 2026 for Cyprus and Portugal, and 1 January 2025 for Greece.
What the rate types mean
- Standard: the rate on everything the country has not put on a lower rate or exempted. No EU country may set it below 15% (VAT Directive, Art. 96 and 97).
- Reduced: a lower rate for goods and services the country lists. TEDB sorts each one into categories that follow the VAT Directive's lists: foodstuffs, medicines, books, passenger transport and so on. The country's own note says what the rate covers there.
- Super-reduced and parking: two more rate labels in TEDB. A country that has one lists it with its categories, as it does for a reduced rate.
- 0%: a zero rate or an exemption. TEDB does not separate them, and the Directive treats them differently (Art. 98(2)). The answer for a country shows these apart from the reduced rates. A category can sit at 0% and at a reduced rate, and then both appear.
- Regional: a rate that applies in only part of a country, for example the Azores and Madeira for Portugal, or Corsica for France. The VAT Directive does not apply to the Canary Islands or to the French territories in Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the overseas departments among them (Art. 6(1)(b) and (c)), so a rate listed for those places is not the country's standard rate. The answer names the region.
Whose VAT rate you charge
Goods already in the EU that you ship to a consumer in another EU country carry the VAT of the country the parcel goes to (Art. 33(a)). The exception is a business established in one EU country whose sales to consumers in other EU countries do not exceed EUR 10,000 this year and did not last year (Art. 59c): it charges the VAT of its own country. A business outside the EU has no such threshold. The one-stop shop lets you declare the VAT of all those countries in one return (Art. 369b): VAT OSS. Parcels imported from outside the EU pay import VAT at the border instead, unless the VAT is declared through the import one-stop shop (IOSS, up to EUR 150; Art. 369l and Art. 143(1)(ca)). The full rules are in EU VAT for online sellers.
A worked example
You ship goods to a customer in Germany. Choose Germany, and on 8 October 2026 this is the answer:
Germany
The standard VAT rate in Germany is 19%.
Each heading is a category from the VAT Directive's lists. The note under it is the one Germany entered in TEDB. Germany's own law decides what a rate covers, often by CN code (Art. 98(4)). 0% is a zero rate or an exemption: TEDB does not separate them.
Reduced rate 7%
- Foodstuffs. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7% such as live animals, meat, milk and so on. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Medicines. Article 98 (2) and Annex III of the VAT Directive: Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7% such as products for monthly hygiene purposes and so on. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Plants and flowers. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7% such as live plants, bulbs, roots and so on. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Books, newspapers and periodicals. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7% such as printed books, music, maps and so on. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Newspapers. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7% e.g. excluding newspapers whose content is harmful to minors or is predominantly devoted to advertising. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Periodicals. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7% e.g. excluding periodicals whose content is harmful to minors or is predominantly devoted to advertising. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Collectors' stamps. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7%. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Medical equipment.
- Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7% such as wheelchairs, orthopaedic appliances, human body replacement parts and so. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7% such as wheelchairs, orthopaedic appliances, human body replacement parts and so on. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Paintings and drawings. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7%. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Original prints. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7%. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Original sculptures. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7%. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Imported collections and collectors' pieces. Annex 2 of the German VAT Act contains a list of goods falling under the reduced rate of 7%. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
- Social welfare bodies.
Reduced rate only applicable to supplies of goods and services of organisations pursuing non-profit making, charitable or ecclesiastical...
Reduced rate only applicable to supplies of goods and services of organisations pursuing non-profit making, charitable or ecclesiastical purposes. VAT reduction not applicable to supply of goods or services to be made within the context of a profitable Business. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field.Reduced rate only applicable to supplies of goods and services of organisations pursuing non-profit making, charitable or ecclesiastical...
Reduced rate only applicable to supplies of goods and services of organisations pursuing non-profit making, charitable or ecclesiastical purposes. VAT reduction not applicable to supply of goods or services to be made within the context of a profitable Business. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field
- Passenger transport.
- Reduced rate on local transport (within a local community or if the transport distance does not exceed 50 km) and rail-bound transport. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field.
- Reduced rate on local transport (within a local community or if the transport distance does not exceed 50 km) and rail-bound transport. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field
- Cultural events.
- Reduced rate only on admissions to theatres, concerts and museums, as well as circus performances, performances as performers and transactions directly linked to the operation of zoological gardens. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field.
- Reduced rate only on admissions to theatres, concerts and museums, as well as circus performances, performances as performers and transactions directly linked to the operation of zoological gardens. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field
- Hotel accommodation.
- Only for short-term accommodation. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field.
- Only for short-term accommodation. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field
- Medical care.
- Reduced rate only on the supply of services by dental technicians in their professional capacity and the supply of dental prostheses by dentists and dental technicians. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field.
- Reduced rate only on the supply of services by dental technicians in their professional capacity and the supply of dental prostheses by dentists and dental technicians. See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field
- Writers, composers and performers.
- See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field.
- See preliminary remarks to “Reduced rates” and the “General comments” field
- Water supply. No reduced rate for bottled water, healing water and steam
0%: zero rate or exemption
- Electricity. Article 12 paragraph 3 of the German VAT Act contains a list of services falling under the zero rate e.g. the supply of certain photovoltaic power. For legal certainty please have a look at the German VAT Act.
Out of scope, listed as 0%
- Radio and TV reception. Public radio and television broadcasting services are out of scope.
Source: European Commission, Taxes in Europe Database (TEDB), as entered by each Member State, read 8 October 2026. TEDB's entries for Germany are dated 1 July 2026.
An item with a net price of EUR 100 that takes the standard rate carries EUR 19 of VAT, EUR 119 in all. A printed book is in the books, newspapers and periodicals group, which Germany lists at 7%: EUR 100 net carries EUR 7 of VAT, EUR 107 in all. Which group an item belongs to is set by German law, often by CN code.
Run the lookup for Germany to see the answer on the page.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is not in the EU, so TEDB has no rates for it. UK law sets them (Value Added Tax Act 1994, section 2). GOV.UK lists a standard rate of 20%, a reduced rate of 5% and a zero rate of 0%, read 8 October 2026.
Where the rates come from
The rates are those of the Commission's Taxes in Europe Database (TEDB), read 8 October 2026. Each EU country enters its own rates and notes. The rates are each country's law, and the country's VAT law decides. Changes made here: the category names are shortened, the CN code lists are left out, and a web link inside a note is removed. Every note is shown in full; a long one opens from its first words.